What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Identifying Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints but can also impact other parts of the body. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints known as synovium, leading to inflammation, pain, and stiffness. This attack triggers inflammation, leading to swelling, pain, and eventual erosion of cartilage and bone within the joint. The smaller joints, such as those in the hands and feet, are most commonly affected in RA. Both sides of the body are impacted simultaneously. It’s a progressive condition, meaning symptoms can worsen over time, making early diagnosis and management essential.

Types of Rheumatoid Arthritis

The classification of RA is either Seropositive or Serogenerative depending on the number of antibodies present in the blood. The specific type of RA may influence symptoms and response to treatment. 

• Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis: The most common type of RA occurs when the immune system produces rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies. These antibodies mistakenly attack the joints, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness, and swelling. People with seropositive RA are more likely to experience severe symptoms and joint deformities over time. This type of RA can affect other body organs like the lungs, heart, and eyes. In some cases, rheumatoid nodules which are firm lumps under the skin, especially near joints, may develop.

• Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis: In seronegative RA, a person may experience symptoms similar to RA, such as joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, but does not test positive for RF or anti-CCP antibodies. Diagnosis can be more challenging because the absence of these antibodies makes it harder to confirm RA. Some people with seronegative RA may later develop antibodies, shifting their diagnosis to seropositive RA. The symptoms for this type of arthritis may vary, with some having milder symptoms while others can experience the same severity as seropositive RA. Since it lacks specific markers, seronegative RA may sometimes be confused with other inflammatory joint conditions, like osteoarthritis or psoriatic arthritis.

Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

RA often begins with mild symptoms that gradually intensify. Some common signs include:

• Joint Pain and Stiffness: Especially in smaller joints like fingers, wrists, and knees. The stiffness is usually worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity.

• Swelling and Redness: Inflamed joints may appear swollen, tender, and warm to the touch.

• Fatigue and Weakness: Many individuals experience persistent physical exhaustion and general weakness.

• Symmetrical Joint Involvement: Unlike some other forms of arthritis, RA typically affects the same joints on both sides of the body.

• Fever and Weight Loss: Systemic inflammation can lead to fever and unintentional weight loss.

• Nodules and Deformities – In advanced cases, firm lumps (rheumatoid nodules) can develop under the skin near affected joints.
  

  

Common Causes and Triggers

The exact cause of RA is unknown, but several factors can increase the risk. Genetics play a role, as having a family history of RA makes a person more likely to develop it. Immune system dysfunction causes the body to mistakenly attack joint tissues, leading to inflammation. Hormonal changes, especially in women, may also contribute due to fluctuations in hormone levels. Environmental factors like pollution, toxins, and smoking habits can also increase the risk of developing RA. In some cases, viral or bacterial infections may trigger RA in people who are genetically prone to it. Additionally, chronic stress and an unhealthy lifestyle can worsen symptoms and lead to flare-ups.

Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis

Managing rheumatoid arthritis requires different approaches to reduce inflammation and improve the quality of life. While conventional treatments like medications and physical therapy are commonly prescribed, natural remedies can complement these methods effectively. 

An anti-inflammatory diet which is rich in omega-3s, vitamin E, turmeric, and antioxidants can help reduce joint swelling and pain. Regular and low-impact exercises such as yoga, walking, and dancing can improve flexibility and prevent stiffness. Natural supplements like ashwagandha, boswellia and cannabinoid medication can support joint health and ease discomfort. 

Rheumatoid arthritis is a lifelong condition that requires proactive management. Early diagnosis and a holistic approach can go a long way in managing symptoms and preventing long-term joint damage.

Also Read:

• What is Arthritis?

• The Role of Diet and Exercise in Managing Arthritis

• Ayurvedic and Natural Remedies for Arthritis Relief