Woman with period cramps

<h2 id="what-is-dysmenorrhea">What is Dysmenorrhea?</h2><p class="null">&quot;Dys&quot; means difficult and &quot;rrhea&quot; means discharge or flow. Dysmenorrhea is the medical term referring to painful periods or cramps during menstruation. It can also include other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, fatigue or diarrhoea. Dysmenorrhea impacts nearly half the population of women, and in 10% of cases, symptoms can escalate to the extent of interfering with daily activities.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="primary-dysmenorrhea">Primary Dysmenorrhea</h2><p class="null">Primary dysmenorrhea is a term often thrown around in discussions about menstrual pain, but what exactly does it entail? Primary dysmenorrhea refers to recurring menstrual pains that occur with each menstrual cycle, unrelated to any other underlying medical condition. Typically, the pain initiates one or two days before the onset of menstruation or when bleeding commences. The discomfort, ranging from mild to severe, is commonly felt in the lower abdomen, back, or thighs. This pain typically diminishes within two or three days. Primary dysmenorrhea stands out as the more prevalent form of dysmenorrhea and simply put, it is the experience of menstrual pain without any discernible underlying physiological changes in the reproductive organs.</p><h2 id="secondary-dysmenorrhea">Secondary Dysmenorrhea</h2><p class="null">On the other hand, secondary dysmenorrhea is a condition where menstrual pain is intrinsically linked to an identifiable disease or disorder of structural changes inside or outside the uterus, such as endometriosis, fibroids, or polyps. Typically, the discomfort associated with secondary dysmenorrhea initiates earlier in the menstrual cycle and persists for a more extended period compared to ordinary menstrual cramps. For instance, one might encounter cramping days before the onset of menses, and the pain may endure until the cessation of bleeding. It&apos;s worth noting that secondary dysmenorrhea is less prevalent.</p><h2 id="primary-dysmenorrhea-symptoms">Primary Dysmenorrhea Symptoms</h2><p class="null">Let’s look into the range of symptoms that arise from primary dysmenorrhea. Hallmark features include crampy, colicky spasms of pain concentrated in the suprapubic area. These discomforting sensations typically manifest within a window of 8 to 72 hours from the onset of menstruation, reaching their peak during the initial days as menstrual flow intensifies. Beyond the localised pelvic pain, individuals with primary dysmenorrhea often contend with accompanying backaches and thigh pain, adding layers to the overall discomfort. The ordeal extends further with headaches. Moreover, the spectrum of symptoms broadens to include gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting, amplifying the impact severe period cramps can have on a woman&apos;s well-being during her menstrual cycle.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="physiology-of-dysmenorrhea">Physiology of Dysmenorrhea</h2><p class="null">The largest contributing physiological factor in primary dysmenorrhea is increased amounts of prostaglandins present in the menstrual fluid and reduced levels of progesterone. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances produced in the body that play a key role in causing uterine contractions and inflammation, leading to the pain and discomfort experienced during dysmenorrhea. On the other hand, progesterone is a hormone produced in the ovaries that helps regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce the intensity of uterine contractions, providing relief from the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">After ovulation when progesterone levels dwindle in the absence of pregnancy, during the second half of one’s menstrual cycle, a series of changes occur as a consequence that make the outer layers of cells in the uterus unstable. A decrease in progesterone destabilises cell membranes in endometrial tissue, leading to the hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids, primarily omega-6, in turn resulting in the formation of arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is further turned into prostaglandins, namely PGE2 and PGF2a. These excess prostaglandins play a role when the lining of the uterus breaks down during menstruation, releasing a surge that stimulates strong muscle contractions. These contractions, in turn, reduce blood flow to the uterus, leading to low oxygen levels, and causing the painful cramps associated with primary dysmenorrhea.</p><p class="null"></p><h2 id="the-endocannabinoid-systems-role-in-dysmenorrhea">The Endocannabinoid System’s Role in Dysmenorrhea</h2><p class="null">The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) has emerged as a promising target for addressing menstrual pain. The ECS regulates various physiological processes including pain modulation, inflammation and homeostasis. Recent studies indicate that the ECS also plays a crucial role in various aspects of the female reproductive system and in hormone release.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Research illuminates elevated systemic levels of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), in individuals with endometriosis, accompanied by reduced local expression of cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1). The ECS&apos;s role doesn&apos;t end there; research suggests that it might play a role in causing dysmenorrhea in people with adenomyosis. Adenomyosis refers to a condition where the tissue lining the uterus grows into the muscular wall of the uterus.</p><p class="null">Endocannabinoids help reduce pain by interacting with cells in the nervous system. These compounds, like anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), are produced in the body when the body senses pain signals. Endocannabinoids act like messengers, attaching to cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB1, on certain nerve cells. This process stops the release of pain signals, helping to ease pain.</p><p class="null">The analgesic effect of the endocannabinoid system hinges on the activation of cannabinoid receptors, with CB1 and CB2 playing distinct roles in alleviating pain. CB1 activation helps control the release of neurotransmitters, especially in areas of the body related to pain. This limits the transmission of pain signals and makes it feel like the pain is less. On the flip side, activating CB2 is important for reducing inflammation, a heightened sensitivity to pain, and neuropathic pain.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Research demonstrates that phytocannabinoids in cannabis activate CB1 and CB2 receptors similar to the body&apos;s endocannabinoids. CBD helps alleviate inflammation, pain, and anxiety, while THC helps alleviate pain, muscle spasms, and nausea.</p><h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2><p class="null">The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) stands out as a promising avenue for addressing dysmenorrhea, with cannabis medicine offering a potential means to manage this often debilitating condition. By engaging cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB1 and CB2, cannabinoids may provide targeted relief by modulating pain pathways and reducing inflammation associated with menstrual discomfort or dysmenorrhea. An expanding understanding of ECS involvement in the female reproductive system, including in the management of conditions like endometriosis and adenomyosis, underscores its significance as a therapeutic target. Harnessing the potential of cannabis medicine opens up new possibilities for innovative treatments, offering renewed optimism for individuals grappling with the challenges of dysmenorrhea via a holistic pathway to improved female reproductive health.</p><p class="null">Explore from our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://shop.savikalpa.com/collections/shunyata">wide range of plant based medicines</a> to help relieve symptoms of painful menstruation.&nbsp;</p>

"Dys" means difficult and "rrhea" means discharge or flow. Dysmenorrhea is the medical term referring to painful periods or cramps during menstruation. It can also include other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, fatigue or diarrhoea. Dysmenorrhea impacts nearly half the population of women, and in 10% of cases, symptoms can escalate to the extent of interfering with daily activities. 

Primary dysmenorrhea is a term often thrown around in discussions about menstrual pain, but what exactly does it entail? Primary dysmenorrhea refers to recurring menstrual pains that occur with each menstrual cycle, unrelated to any other underlying medical condition. Typically, the pain initiates one or two days before the onset of menstruation or when bleeding commences. The discomfort, ranging from mild to severe, is commonly felt in the lower abdomen, back, or thighs. This pain typically diminishes within two or three days. Primary dysmenorrhea stands out as the more prevalent form of dysmenorrhea and simply put, it is the experience of menstrual pain without any discernible underlying physiological changes in the reproductive organs.

On the other hand, secondary dysmenorrhea is a condition where menstrual pain is intrinsically linked to an identifiable disease or disorder of structural changes inside or outside the uterus, such as endometriosis, fibroids, or polyps. Typically, the discomfort associated with secondary dysmenorrhea initiates earlier in the menstrual cycle and persists for a more extended period compared to ordinary menstrual cramps. For instance, one might encounter cramping days before the onset of menses, and the pain may endure until the cessation of bleeding. It's worth noting that secondary dysmenorrhea is less prevalent.

Let’s look into the range of symptoms that arise from primary dysmenorrhea. Hallmark features include crampy, colicky spasms of pain concentrated in the suprapubic area. These discomforting sensations typically manifest within a window of 8 to 72 hours from the onset of menstruation, reaching their peak during the initial days as menstrual flow intensifies. Beyond the localised pelvic pain, individuals with primary dysmenorrhea often contend with accompanying backaches and thigh pain, adding layers to the overall discomfort. The ordeal extends further with headaches. Moreover, the spectrum of symptoms broadens to include gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting, amplifying the impact severe period cramps can have on a woman's well-being during her menstrual cycle. 

The largest contributing physiological factor in primary dysmenorrhea is increased amounts of prostaglandins present in the menstrual fluid and reduced levels of progesterone. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances produced in the body that play a key role in causing uterine contractions and inflammation, leading to the pain and discomfort experienced during dysmenorrhea. On the other hand, progesterone is a hormone produced in the ovaries that helps regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce the intensity of uterine contractions, providing relief from the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. 

After ovulation when progesterone levels dwindle in the absence of pregnancy, during the second half of one’s menstrual cycle, a series of changes occur as a consequence that make the outer layers of cells in the uterus unstable. A decrease in progesterone destabilises cell membranes in endometrial tissue, leading to the hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids, primarily omega-6, in turn resulting in the formation of arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is further turned into prostaglandins, namely PGE2 and PGF2a. These excess prostaglandins play a role when the lining of the uterus breaks down during menstruation, releasing a surge that stimulates strong muscle contractions. These contractions, in turn, reduce blood flow to the uterus, leading to low oxygen levels, and causing the painful cramps associated with primary dysmenorrhea.

The Endocannabinoid System’s Role in Dysmenorrhea

The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) has emerged as a promising target for addressing menstrual pain. The ECS regulates various physiological processes including pain modulation, inflammation and homeostasis. Recent studies indicate that the ECS also plays a crucial role in various aspects of the female reproductive system and in hormone release. 

Research illuminates elevated systemic levels of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), in individuals with endometriosis, accompanied by reduced local expression of cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1). The ECS's role doesn't end there; research suggests that it might play a role in causing dysmenorrhea in people with adenomyosis. Adenomyosis refers to a condition where the tissue lining the uterus grows into the muscular wall of the uterus.

Endocannabinoids help reduce pain by interacting with cells in the nervous system. These compounds, like anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), are produced in the body when the body senses pain signals. Endocannabinoids act like messengers, attaching to cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB1, on certain nerve cells. This process stops the release of pain signals, helping to ease pain.

The analgesic effect of the endocannabinoid system hinges on the activation of cannabinoid receptors, with CB1 and CB2 playing distinct roles in alleviating pain. CB1 activation helps control the release of neurotransmitters, especially in areas of the body related to pain. This limits the transmission of pain signals and makes it feel like the pain is less. On the flip side, activating CB2 is important for reducing inflammation, a heightened sensitivity to pain, and neuropathic pain. 

Research demonstrates that phytocannabinoids in cannabis activate CB1 and CB2 receptors similar to the body's endocannabinoids. CBD helps alleviate inflammation, pain, and anxiety, while THC helps alleviate pain, muscle spasms, and nausea.

The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) stands out as a promising avenue for addressing dysmenorrhea, with cannabis medicine offering a potential means to manage this often debilitating condition. By engaging cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB1 and CB2, cannabinoids may provide targeted relief by modulating pain pathways and reducing inflammation associated with menstrual discomfort or dysmenorrhea. An expanding understanding of ECS involvement in the female reproductive system, including in the management of conditions like endometriosis and adenomyosis, underscores its significance as a therapeutic target. Harnessing the potential of cannabis medicine opens up new possibilities for innovative treatments, offering renewed optimism for individuals grappling with the challenges of dysmenorrhea via a holistic pathway to improved female reproductive health.

 to help relieve symptoms of painful menstruation. 

The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Dysmenorrhea

Image of woman with period cramps

<h2 id="understanding-endometriosis">Understanding Endometriosis&nbsp;</h2><p class="null">Endometriosis is a medical condition in which tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. Referred to as endometrial implants, this tissue is often found on various reproductive organs, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outer surface of the uterus, as well as within the pelvic and abdominal regions. Predominantly affecting women of reproductive age, endometriosis is a prevalent gynaecological disorder.</p><p class="null">The presence of endometrial implants can lead to the formation of adhesions, scar tissue, and cysts, causing pain or discomfort, which can potentially impact fertility. Symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain, painful menstruation, discomfort during sexual intercourse, painful urination, painful bowel movements and challenges related to fertility. Unfortunately, the anguish doesn’t stop there. The pain can be so severe that the anxiety and fear of the next menstrual cycle often lead to depression. In many cases, personal and professional relationships take a hit when women need to stay at home to deal with the debilitating symptoms that come with endometriosis.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="pathophysiology-of-endometriosis">Pathophysiology of Endometriosis&nbsp;</h2><p class="null">Endometriosis manifests through various pathophysiological mechanisms. One prevailing theory, widely accepted in the medical community, is retrograde menstruation. Retrograde menstruation occurs during the menstrual cycle when some of the menstrual blood, carrying endometrial cells, flows backwards through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity. These displaced endometrial cells find fertile ground on the surfaces of pelvic organs and tissues, where they can attach and grow, forming endometrial implants.</p><p class="null">Another possible cause is immune system dysfunction. Typically, the immune system functions to recognize and eliminate misplaced cells or abnormal growths. However, in women with endometriosis, there may be abnormalities in immune response, allowing the survival and unchecked growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus. Genetic factors also play a role, with evidence suggesting a genetic predisposition to endometriosis. Women with a family history of the condition may be at a higher risk.</p><p class="null">Hormonal influences, particularly related to estrogen, contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Estrogen, a hormone regulating the menstrual cycle, can stimulate the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue. In women with endometriosis, there is often an abnormal response to oestrogen, leading to excessive growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus. This hormonal imbalance is further characterised by altered progesterone and oestrogen hormone efficiency, resulting in progesterone resistance. Progesterone&apos;s primary role is to prepare the lining of the uterus for the potential implantation and growth of a fertilised egg.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Additionally, inflammation and angiogenesis are associated with endometriosis. In the affected areas, an inflammatory environment promotes the development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), contributing to the formation of lesions and exacerbating symptoms of pain and discomfort.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="the-role-of-the-endocannabinoid-system-on-endometriosis">The Role of the Endocannabinoid System on Endometriosis</h2><p class="null">The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) regulates numerous physiological processes, including influencing inflammation and nociception. Nociception is the body&apos;s way of sensing or feeling pain. Recent studies have shown the ECS&apos;s involvement in crucial aspects of the female reproductive system. The ECS interacts with the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, managing and controlling key reproductive processes like helping eggs mature, pain modulation, the development of the uterus lining, implantation, the development of the embryo during pregnancy and more. The HPO serves as a communication pathway that extends from the hypothalamus in the brain to the ovaries. It regulates the menstrual cycle and various reproductive functions in females. The ECS plays a crucial role in safeguarding women against the complications of endometriosis by regulating inflammation, the formation of new blood vessels, cell death and cell growth in the uterine lining, and scarring.</p><img height="400" width="1200" class="" src="https://gglkfcubjshidhufqxdn.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/media/1740865185757_images_3_480x480.png?v=1708528223" alt="cm7qq6mh6000rulnwv3ikcs56"><p class="null">The ECS plays a role throughout female reproductive tissues. In the context of endometriosis, the CB1 receptor, a key cannabinoid receptor, may be impaired during menstruation in individuals with endometriosis. When CB1 is activated, it modulates analgesic activity, reducing the perception of pain; conversely, when CB1 is blocked, pain levels increase. The increased presence of CB1 receptors in nerve fibres and cells within affected endometrial tissue suggests a crucial role of the ECS in managing pain associated with endometriosis.</p><p class="null">Another aspect worth considering is the observed endocannabinoid deficiency in endometriosis patients. Studies reveal a scarcity of endocannabinoids, compounds the body produces which activate the ECS, in individuals grappling with this condition. Women experiencing dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia, conditions marked by painful periods and painful intercourse respectively, exhibit elevated plasma levels of endocannabinoids. Additionally, there is a decrease in the expression of CB1 receptors in endometrial stromal cells, cells in the lining of the uterus that play a role in supporting and maintaining the tissue structure.</p><p class="null">The promising insight derived from these findings suggests that phytocannabinoids, compounds found in the cannabis plant, could offer relief from the pain associated with endometriosis. By interacting with the ECS, phytocannabinoids may prove a potential avenue for managing and alleviating the challenges faced by women with endometriosis.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="limitations-of-current-treatments">Limitations of Current Treatments</h2><p class="null">The current medications for endometriosis, while offering relief, come with their share of problems. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Ibuprofen, effectively address period cramps by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme responsible for pain and inflammation. However, they also inhibit the COX-1 enzyme, crucial for stomach and intestinal health, leading to potential gastrointestinal (GI) issues, including ulcers. Meftal spas, a popular NSAID, contains mefenamic acid, which can trigger a severe allergic reaction known as Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome.</p><p class="null">Hormonal therapies, like birth control pills, can alleviate menstrual pain by preventing ovulation and reducing prostaglandin production (prostaglandins are natural substances in the body that play a role in inflammation and pain regulation). However, they come with side effects such as headaches, nausea, thrombosis (blood clotting in vessels), bloating, and fatigue. Additionally, they result in a thinner uterine lining, causing scanty flow.</p><p class="null">Progestogens, which counteract estrogen and inhibit endometrial growth, have limitations due to virilizing side effects associated with certain steroids like danazol and gestrinone. Virilizing side effects refer to the development of male characteristics in females, such as deepening of the voice or increased body hair. While steroids like dienogest and norethisterone acetate show tentative evidence for pain relief, limited studies hinder a comprehensive understanding of their effectiveness.</p><p class="null">Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) modulators, including agonists and antagonists like leuprorelin and elagolix, work by reducing oestrogen levels. Reviews suggest their effectiveness in pain relief, yet concerns about decreased bone density arise. Surgical intervention, although an option, poses challenges with a high recurrence rate.</p><p class="null">Anti-neuropathic drugs like amitriptyline, pregabalin, and gabapentin show limited evidence for their effectiveness in endometriosis. Previous trials indicate gabapentin&apos;s efficacy in Chronic Pelvic Pain, but its impact on endometriosis-associated pain, which is not typically neuropathic, remains uncertain. Overall, these limitations highlight the need for continued research and exploration of alternative approaches to enhance endometriosis management.</p><h2 id="how-cannabinoids-help">How Cannabinoids Help</h2><p class="null">The potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids, specifically CBD and THC, in managing endometriosis are gaining attention due to their diverse properties. CBD, known for its anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) qualities, aligns with a fundamental feature of endometriosis – inflammation. THC, another key cannabinoid, exhibits analgesic (pain-relieving), antispasmodic (spasm-inhibiting), and anti-emetic (anti-vomiting) properties. By targeting various pathways, CBD and THC offer a promising avenue for easing the discomfort associated with endometriosis.</p><p class="null">A crucial aspect of the way cannabinoids act involves the modulation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) channels. These channels play a role in transmitting signals related to neuropathic pain. By influencing these channels, cannabinoids have the potential to mitigate the signals contributing to pain in endometriosis. Additionally, CBD&apos;s interaction with serotonin receptors (5HT1A) posits further therapeutic potential. This modulation not only enables anxiolytic and antidepressant effects but also aids in pain relief through antinociceptive effects, reducing the perception of pain.</p><h2 id="types-of-cannabinoid-medication">Types of Cannabinoid Medication</h2><p class="null">Cannabinoid medication comes in various forms tailored to different preferences and needs. Oral formulations, such as oils, capsules or tinctures, offer a straightforward way to incorporate cannabinoids into daily routines. Try <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://shop.savikalpa.com/collections/shunyata/products/shunyata-calm-for-insomnia-and-sleep">Shunyata Calm for an effective oral option</a>.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Topical formulations, like cannabis-based balms or roll-ons, can be particularly useful for targeted relief. When applied to the lower abdomen during cramping, topical products promote muscle relaxation, providing localised support where it&apos;s needed most. We have formulated a topical roll-on called <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://shop.savikalpa.com/collections/shunyata/products/cramp-relief-for-menstrual-pain-and-dysmenorrhea">Shunyata Cramp Relief</a> so you can harness the healing potential of cannabinoids on the go.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Transdermal patches represent an innovative option for sustained cannabinoid delivery and are most effective when worn for 24 hours. These patches are activated by body heat, releasing a controlled amount of CBD through the skin into the bloodstream. Transdermal delivery creates a concentration gradient, ensuring the patch delivers a higher cannabinoid concentration than the skin and penetrates deep below the surface, offering lasting relief.</p><p class="null">For a more direct approach, cannabinoid-based vaginal suppositories closely target the female reproductive tract&apos;s abundance of cannabinoid receptors. Cannabinoids dissolve quickly and are efficiently absorbed by blood vessels, providing prompt and targeted relief by interacting directly with cannabinoid receptors in the reproductive tract. By bypassing the digestive tract, suppositories and patches prevent gastric inflammation and offer a prolonged release of cannabinoids, ensuring a steady and sustained therapeutic effect.</p><p class="null">Understanding endometriosis, from its pathophysiology to the potential therapeutic role of cannabinoids, opens a promising avenue for more targeted and effective interventions. The limitations of current treatments emphasize the need for alternative approaches, and cannabinoid-based therapies emerge as compelling options. Phyto cannabinoids provide a potential pathway to alleviate the challenges posed by endometriosis. As research progresses, the intersection of cannabinoids and endometriosis holds the promise of not only managing pain but also improving the overall well-being of those affected by this painful condition.</p>

Endometriosis is a medical condition in which tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. Referred to as endometrial implants, this tissue is often found on various reproductive organs, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outer surface of the uterus, as well as within the pelvic and abdominal regions. Predominantly affecting women of reproductive age, endometriosis is a prevalent gynaecological disorder.

The presence of endometrial implants can lead to the formation of adhesions, scar tissue, and cysts, causing pain or discomfort, which can potentially impact fertility. Symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain, painful menstruation, discomfort during sexual intercourse, painful urination, painful bowel movements and challenges related to fertility. Unfortunately, the anguish doesn’t stop there. The pain can be so severe that the anxiety and fear of the next menstrual cycle often lead to depression. In many cases, personal and professional relationships take a hit when women need to stay at home to deal with the debilitating symptoms that come with endometriosis. 

Endometriosis manifests through various pathophysiological mechanisms. One prevailing theory, widely accepted in the medical community, is retrograde menstruation. Retrograde menstruation occurs during the menstrual cycle when some of the menstrual blood, carrying endometrial cells, flows backwards through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity. These displaced endometrial cells find fertile ground on the surfaces of pelvic organs and tissues, where they can attach and grow, forming endometrial implants.

Another possible cause is immune system dysfunction. Typically, the immune system functions to recognize and eliminate misplaced cells or abnormal growths. However, in women with endometriosis, there may be abnormalities in immune response, allowing the survival and unchecked growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus. Genetic factors also play a role, with evidence suggesting a genetic predisposition to endometriosis. Women with a family history of the condition may be at a higher risk.

Hormonal influences, particularly related to estrogen, contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Estrogen, a hormone regulating the menstrual cycle, can stimulate the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue. In women with endometriosis, there is often an abnormal response to oestrogen, leading to excessive growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus. This hormonal imbalance is further characterised by altered progesterone and oestrogen hormone efficiency, resulting in progesterone resistance. Progesterone's primary role is to prepare the lining of the uterus for the potential implantation and growth of a fertilised egg. 

Additionally, inflammation and angiogenesis are associated with endometriosis. In the affected areas, an inflammatory environment promotes the development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), contributing to the formation of lesions and exacerbating symptoms of pain and discomfort. 

The Role of the Endocannabinoid System on Endometriosis

The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) regulates numerous physiological processes, including influencing inflammation and nociception. Nociception is the body's way of sensing or feeling pain. Recent studies have shown the ECS's involvement in crucial aspects of the female reproductive system. The ECS interacts with the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, managing and controlling key reproductive processes like helping eggs mature, pain modulation, the development of the uterus lining, implantation, the development of the embryo during pregnancy and more. The HPO serves as a communication pathway that extends from the hypothalamus in the brain to the ovaries. It regulates the menstrual cycle and various reproductive functions in females. The ECS plays a crucial role in safeguarding women against the complications of endometriosis by regulating inflammation, the formation of new blood vessels, cell death and cell growth in the uterine lining, and scarring.

The ECS plays a role throughout female reproductive tissues. In the context of endometriosis, the CB1 receptor, a key cannabinoid receptor, may be impaired during menstruation in individuals with endometriosis. When CB1 is activated, it modulates analgesic activity, reducing the perception of pain; conversely, when CB1 is blocked, pain levels increase. The increased presence of CB1 receptors in nerve fibres and cells within affected endometrial tissue suggests a crucial role of the ECS in managing pain associated with endometriosis.

Another aspect worth considering is the observed endocannabinoid deficiency in endometriosis patients. Studies reveal a scarcity of endocannabinoids, compounds the body produces which activate the ECS, in individuals grappling with this condition. Women experiencing dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia, conditions marked by painful periods and painful intercourse respectively, exhibit elevated plasma levels of endocannabinoids. Additionally, there is a decrease in the expression of CB1 receptors in endometrial stromal cells, cells in the lining of the uterus that play a role in supporting and maintaining the tissue structure.

The promising insight derived from these findings suggests that phytocannabinoids, compounds found in the cannabis plant, could offer relief from the pain associated with endometriosis. By interacting with the ECS, phytocannabinoids may prove a potential avenue for managing and alleviating the challenges faced by women with endometriosis. 

The current medications for endometriosis, while offering relief, come with their share of problems. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Ibuprofen, effectively address period cramps by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme responsible for pain and inflammation. However, they also inhibit the COX-1 enzyme, crucial for stomach and intestinal health, leading to potential gastrointestinal (GI) issues, including ulcers. Meftal spas, a popular NSAID, contains mefenamic acid, which can trigger a severe allergic reaction known as Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome.

Hormonal therapies, like birth control pills, can alleviate menstrual pain by preventing ovulation and reducing prostaglandin production (prostaglandins are natural substances in the body that play a role in inflammation and pain regulation). However, they come with side effects such as headaches, nausea, thrombosis (blood clotting in vessels), bloating, and fatigue. Additionally, they result in a thinner uterine lining, causing scanty flow.

Progestogens, which counteract estrogen and inhibit endometrial growth, have limitations due to virilizing side effects associated with certain steroids like danazol and gestrinone. Virilizing side effects refer to the development of male characteristics in females, such as deepening of the voice or increased body hair. While steroids like dienogest and norethisterone acetate show tentative evidence for pain relief, limited studies hinder a comprehensive understanding of their effectiveness.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) modulators, including agonists and antagonists like leuprorelin and elagolix, work by reducing oestrogen levels. Reviews suggest their effectiveness in pain relief, yet concerns about decreased bone density arise. Surgical intervention, although an option, poses challenges with a high recurrence rate.

Anti-neuropathic drugs like amitriptyline, pregabalin, and gabapentin show limited evidence for their effectiveness in endometriosis. Previous trials indicate gabapentin's efficacy in Chronic Pelvic Pain, but its impact on endometriosis-associated pain, which is not typically neuropathic, remains uncertain. Overall, these limitations highlight the need for continued research and exploration of alternative approaches to enhance endometriosis management.

The potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids, specifically CBD and THC, in managing endometriosis are gaining attention due to their diverse properties. CBD, known for its anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) qualities, aligns with a fundamental feature of endometriosis – inflammation. THC, another key cannabinoid, exhibits analgesic (pain-relieving), antispasmodic (spasm-inhibiting), and anti-emetic (anti-vomiting) properties. By targeting various pathways, CBD and THC offer a promising avenue for easing the discomfort associated with endometriosis.

A crucial aspect of the way cannabinoids act involves the modulation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) channels. These channels play a role in transmitting signals related to neuropathic pain. By influencing these channels, cannabinoids have the potential to mitigate the signals contributing to pain in endometriosis. Additionally, CBD's interaction with serotonin receptors (5HT1A) posits further therapeutic potential. This modulation not only enables anxiolytic and antidepressant effects but also aids in pain relief through antinociceptive effects, reducing the perception of pain.

Cannabinoid medication comes in various forms tailored to different preferences and needs. Oral formulations, such as oils, capsules or tinctures, offer a straightforward way to incorporate cannabinoids into daily routines. Try 

Shunyata Calm for an effective oral option

Topical formulations, like cannabis-based balms or roll-ons, can be particularly useful for targeted relief. When applied to the lower abdomen during cramping, topical products promote muscle relaxation, providing localised support where it's needed most. We have formulated a topical roll-on called 

 so you can harness the healing potential of cannabinoids on the go. 

Transdermal patches represent an innovative option for sustained cannabinoid delivery and are most effective when worn for 24 hours. These patches are activated by body heat, releasing a controlled amount of CBD through the skin into the bloodstream. Transdermal delivery creates a concentration gradient, ensuring the patch delivers a higher cannabinoid concentration than the skin and penetrates deep below the surface, offering lasting relief.

For a more direct approach, cannabinoid-based vaginal suppositories closely target the female reproductive tract's abundance of cannabinoid receptors. Cannabinoids dissolve quickly and are efficiently absorbed by blood vessels, providing prompt and targeted relief by interacting directly with cannabinoid receptors in the reproductive tract. By bypassing the digestive tract, suppositories and patches prevent gastric inflammation and offer a prolonged release of cannabinoids, ensuring a steady and sustained therapeutic effect.

Understanding endometriosis, from its pathophysiology to the potential therapeutic role of cannabinoids, opens a promising avenue for more targeted and effective interventions. The limitations of current treatments emphasize the need for alternative approaches, and cannabinoid-based therapies emerge as compelling options. Phyto cannabinoids provide a potential pathway to alleviate the challenges posed by endometriosis. As research progresses, the intersection of cannabinoids and endometriosis holds the promise of not only managing pain but also improving the overall well-being of those affected by this painful condition.

Endometriosis and the Endocannabinoid System

Image of woman sleeping peacefully

<h2 id="a-brief-intro-to-the-endocannabinoid-system-ecs">A Brief Intro to the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)</h2><p class="null">Cannabis has emerged as a potential remedy for insomnia. At the heart of this relationship lies the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a network of cell signalling pathways spread throughout the body, responsible for vital functions like homeostasis. Its primary role is to regulate essential functions like mood, appetite, pain, and notably, sleep. When this equilibrium falters, the body steps in, producing its own natural cannabinoids, also known as endocannabinoids, to interact with specialized receptors—CB1 and CB2—scattered across cell surfaces found in the brain, lungs, liver, colon, reproductive organs, immune system, bones, muscles, pancreas, spleen and vascular system. These interactions help regulate physiological processes, including the all-important circadian rhythm, the body&apos;s internal clock governing the sleep-wake cycle.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">&nbsp;</p><p class="null"></p><h2 id="how-cannabis-influences-insomnia">How Cannabis Influences Insomnia</h2><p class="null">Disruptions in normal sleep patterns often result in a dysregulated ECS, contributing to the onset or exacerbation of insomnia. This is where cannabis, with its array of cannabinoids like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), steps into the spotlight. The compounds in cannabis, particularly CBD, have garnered attention for their potential to interact with the ECS, restoring balance and aiding in the regulation of sleep. By influencing the ECS and its effects on your sleep cycle, cannabis holds promise as a tool to recalibrate the body&apos;s natural rhythms, offering a potential pathway to a more restful night.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="the-entourage-effect-and-sleep-architecture">The Entourage Effect &amp; Sleep Architecture</h2><p class="null">Cannabis offers a unique cascade of effects that collaboratively enhance various aspects of sleep. These compounds work in chorus, exhibiting what is termed the &apos;entourage effect&apos;. Cannabinoids have shown promise not just in facilitating the onset of sleep but also in enriching the quality of rest by improving REM sleep, a crucial phase for cognitive restoration and emotional balance. Beyond simply inducing sleep, these phytocannabinoids emulate the actions of the body&apos;s endocannabinoids, playing a role in refining the overall &apos;sleep architecture,&apos; the intricate pattern of sleep stages that define a restorative night&apos;s rest.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="the-effect-of-thc-cbd-and-cbn-on-sleep">The Effect of THC, CBD and CBN on Sleep</h2><p class="null">Let’s look a little deeper into a few well-researched cannabinoids. THC showcases a range of potential sleep benefits. Its sedative properties offer a potential aid for individuals struggling to drift into sleep, facilitating a quicker onset of sleep. Moreover, its resemblance in structure to anandamide, a natural endocannabinoid, hints at its potential to influence sleep patterns, positively assisting those dealing with sleep disturbances. Interestingly, THC&apos;s ability to reduce REM sleep may hold promise for patients coping with PTSD, alleviating the intensity of nightmares and fostering more peaceful nights.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Renowned for its calming influence on the nervous system, CBD acts as an anxiolytic, effectively reducing anxiety and stress levels—common culprits behind sleep disturbances. Additionally, its potent anti-inflammatory properties contribute to a more relaxed state, potentially easing physical discomfort that might interfere with sleep. By addressing both psychological and physiological factors, CBD emerges as a gentle yet impactful aid in promoting a more restful and rejuvenating night&apos;s sleep.</p><p class="null">CBN, a lesser-known cannabinoid on the other hand, showcases notable potential in aiding sleep with its sedative properties. CBN has demonstrated an ability to reduce sleep latency—the time it takes to fall asleep—offering a potential solution for those struggling to drift into sleep. This compound&apos;s calming influence on the body presents a promising avenue for addressing sleep-related concerns, potentially providing individuals with a quicker and more efficient transition into a restful night&apos;s slumber.</p><p class="null">Cannabinoids exert their influence on sleep by engaging with the body&apos;s intricate sleep-wake mechanisms. Through their interaction with receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a crucial centre for circadian rhythm regulation, cannabinoids impact the release of neurotransmitters vital for governing the sleep cycle. By modulating these neurotransmitters involved in sleep regulation, cannabinoids wield the power to fine-tune the body&apos;s internal clock, facilitating the onset and maintenance of a healthy sleep schedule.</p><h2 id="thc-and-neurotransmitters">THC and Neurotransmitters</h2><p class="null">THC showcases its sleep-inducing properties by mimicking the actions of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that promotes sedation and relaxation when it binds to its receptors. By interacting with adenosine receptors, THC contributes to its sleep-enhancing properties, aiding in falling asleep. Furthermore, THC&apos;s inhibitory effect on the release of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate—known for promoting wakefulness—adds another layer to its sleep-promoting abilities. This suppression of glutamate release by THC potentially contributes to the calming and sedative effects that pave the way for a more tranquil sleep experience.</p><p class="null"></p><p class="null">&nbsp;</p><h2 id="the-4-stages-of-sleep">The 4 Stages of Sleep</h2><p class="null">Sleep is a complex journey composed of distinct phases, each with its unique characteristics and roles in our restorative process. Phase 1 marks the entry point, a light slumber where the body begins to unwind, and brain activity gradually slows down while eye movement decreases. As we progress into Phase 2, the relaxation deepens, eye movements halt, and our body temperature dips while heart rate and breathing slow further. Phase 3, the deepest stage, witnesses the slowest breathing as the brain enters delta wave activity, a crucial period for bodily repair and restoration. Finally, Phase 4 is the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, characterised by heightened brain activity and vivid dreaming, while the body enters a state of paralysis.</p><h2 id="the-ayurvedic-perspective">The Ayurvedic Perspective</h2><p class="null">From an Ayurvedic viewpoint, cannabis, or Vijaya, operates by fostering equilibrium within the body&apos;s internal environment, aligning with its hot nature to restore balance, particularly in pacifying Vata, the dosha associated with the movement. Once the aggravated Vayu, or air element, finds pacification, the body seeks a harmonious state. Cannabis contributes to this by alleviating pain and enhancing sleep quality, employing its properties to calm an anxious mind.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2><p class="null">The interplay between cannabinoids and sleep mechanisms, whether through neurotransmitter modulation or the restoration of the body&apos;s natural rhythms, paints an intriguing picture of potential solutions. As research continues to unveil the intricacies of the relationship between cannabinoid medication and sleep, the relationship between cannabis and sleep is evident enough already. Discover more restful and rejuvenating sleep for yourself with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://shop.savikalpa.com/collections/shunyata/products/shunyata-calm-for-insomnia-and-sleep">Shunyata Calm</a>.</p>

A Brief Intro to the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)

Cannabis has emerged as a potential remedy for insomnia. At the heart of this relationship lies the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a network of cell signalling pathways spread throughout the body, responsible for vital functions like homeostasis. Its primary role is to regulate essential functions like mood, appetite, pain, and notably, sleep. When this equilibrium falters, the body steps in, producing its own natural cannabinoids, also known as endocannabinoids, to interact with specialized receptors—CB1 and CB2—scattered across cell surfaces found in the brain, lungs, liver, colon, reproductive organs, immune system, bones, muscles, pancreas, spleen and vascular system. These interactions help regulate physiological processes, including the all-important circadian rhythm, the body's internal clock governing the sleep-wake cycle. 

Disruptions in normal sleep patterns often result in a dysregulated ECS, contributing to the onset or exacerbation of insomnia. This is where cannabis, with its array of cannabinoids like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), steps into the spotlight. The compounds in cannabis, particularly CBD, have garnered attention for their potential to interact with the ECS, restoring balance and aiding in the regulation of sleep. By influencing the ECS and its effects on your sleep cycle, cannabis holds promise as a tool to recalibrate the body's natural rhythms, offering a potential pathway to a more restful night. 

The Entourage Effect & Sleep Architecture

Cannabis offers a unique cascade of effects that collaboratively enhance various aspects of sleep. These compounds work in chorus, exhibiting what is termed the 'entourage effect'. Cannabinoids have shown promise not just in facilitating the onset of sleep but also in enriching the quality of rest by improving REM sleep, a crucial phase for cognitive restoration and emotional balance. Beyond simply inducing sleep, these phytocannabinoids emulate the actions of the body's endocannabinoids, playing a role in refining the overall 'sleep architecture,' the intricate pattern of sleep stages that define a restorative night's rest. 

Let’s look a little deeper into a few well-researched cannabinoids. THC showcases a range of potential sleep benefits. Its sedative properties offer a potential aid for individuals struggling to drift into sleep, facilitating a quicker onset of sleep. Moreover, its resemblance in structure to anandamide, a natural endocannabinoid, hints at its potential to influence sleep patterns, positively assisting those dealing with sleep disturbances. Interestingly, THC's ability to reduce REM sleep may hold promise for patients coping with PTSD, alleviating the intensity of nightmares and fostering more peaceful nights. 

Renowned for its calming influence on the nervous system, CBD acts as an anxiolytic, effectively reducing anxiety and stress levels—common culprits behind sleep disturbances. Additionally, its potent anti-inflammatory properties contribute to a more relaxed state, potentially easing physical discomfort that might interfere with sleep. By addressing both psychological and physiological factors, CBD emerges as a gentle yet impactful aid in promoting a more restful and rejuvenating night's sleep.

CBN, a lesser-known cannabinoid on the other hand, showcases notable potential in aiding sleep with its sedative properties. CBN has demonstrated an ability to reduce sleep latency—the time it takes to fall asleep—offering a potential solution for those struggling to drift into sleep. This compound's calming influence on the body presents a promising avenue for addressing sleep-related concerns, potentially providing individuals with a quicker and more efficient transition into a restful night's slumber.

Cannabinoids exert their influence on sleep by engaging with the body's intricate sleep-wake mechanisms. Through their interaction with receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a crucial centre for circadian rhythm regulation, cannabinoids impact the release of neurotransmitters vital for governing the sleep cycle. By modulating these neurotransmitters involved in sleep regulation, cannabinoids wield the power to fine-tune the body's internal clock, facilitating the onset and maintenance of a healthy sleep schedule.

THC showcases its sleep-inducing properties by mimicking the actions of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that promotes sedation and relaxation when it binds to its receptors. By interacting with adenosine receptors, THC contributes to its sleep-enhancing properties, aiding in falling asleep. Furthermore, THC's inhibitory effect on the release of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate—known for promoting wakefulness—adds another layer to its sleep-promoting abilities. This suppression of glutamate release by THC potentially contributes to the calming and sedative effects that pave the way for a more tranquil sleep experience.

Sleep is a complex journey composed of distinct phases, each with its unique characteristics and roles in our restorative process. Phase 1 marks the entry point, a light slumber where the body begins to unwind, and brain activity gradually slows down while eye movement decreases. As we progress into Phase 2, the relaxation deepens, eye movements halt, and our body temperature dips while heart rate and breathing slow further. Phase 3, the deepest stage, witnesses the slowest breathing as the brain enters delta wave activity, a crucial period for bodily repair and restoration. Finally, Phase 4 is the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, characterised by heightened brain activity and vivid dreaming, while the body enters a state of paralysis.

From an Ayurvedic viewpoint, cannabis, or Vijaya, operates by fostering equilibrium within the body's internal environment, aligning with its hot nature to restore balance, particularly in pacifying Vata, the dosha associated with the movement. Once the aggravated Vayu, or air element, finds pacification, the body seeks a harmonious state. Cannabis contributes to this by alleviating pain and enhancing sleep quality, employing its properties to calm an anxious mind. 

The interplay between cannabinoids and sleep mechanisms, whether through neurotransmitter modulation or the restoration of the body's natural rhythms, paints an intriguing picture of potential solutions. As research continues to unveil the intricacies of the relationship between cannabinoid medication and sleep, the relationship between cannabis and sleep is evident enough already. Discover more restful and rejuvenating sleep for yourself with 

Understanding the Endocannabinoid System and Sleep

Stressed woman

<h2 id="causes-and-effects-of-ptsd">Causes and Effects of PTSD</h2><p class="null">Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized by the haunting grip of vivid flashbacks, intrusive thoughts or images, nightmares, and overwhelming distress caused by reminders of trauma. It can be an agonizing battle for those who experience it, sometimes leading to manifestations of physical sensations like pain, sweating, nausea or trembling. In recent years, an increasing body of research has begun to shed light on the therapeutic possibilities of cannabis for managing these harrowing symptoms. Let&apos;s examine how this healing plant may offer a glimmer of hope, whether as CBD oil for PTSD or medicinal cannabis for PTSD, for those seeking respite from the tormenting effects of PTSD.</p><p class="null">The pathogenesis of PTSD is a multifaceted journey shaped by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental and psychological factors. Genetic predisposition can make some individuals more susceptible to developing PTSD in the face of adversity, emphasising the importance of identifying the right treatments for PTSD. Cumulative life adversities, such as early childhood trauma or repeated exposure to stressful events can sensitize an individual to the impact of traumatic incidents. The intense peri-traumatic emotional response during a traumatic event can engrave the experience deeply in an individual&apos;s memory, setting the stage for long-term distress. A lack of social support and additional life stressors can exacerbate the likelihood of developing PTSD, creating a fertile ground for its onset.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">This intricate web of factors, in turn, could lead to neurochemical imbalances characterized by emotional hyper-arousal and anxiety, stressing the importance of evidence-based therapies for PTSD. These neurochemical disorders can also manifest as increased reactivity in the amygdala, the suppression of the hippocampus, and disruptions to the prefrontal cortex, contributing to hallmark symptoms and emotional turmoil that define PTSD, like attentional bias towards threats, memory fragmentation, flashbacks, severe anxiety and thought suppression. Understanding this pathogenesis is crucial for tailoring effective treatments and interventions to support individuals on their journey to recovery.</p><p class="null"></p><h2 id="neurocircuitry-of-ptsd">Neurocircuitry of PTSD</h2><p class="null">Let’s look a little into the neurocircuitry of PTSD. PTSD usually affects the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus in the brain. The medial prefrontal cortex regulates emotions and the function of the amygdala. The amygdala is the processing centre of emotions. When a PTSD patient experiences traumatic stimuli, the medial prefrontal cortex often fails to inhibit amygdala activation, resulting in fear. In other instances, overactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex due to traumatic stimuli can lead to amygdala suppression, resulting in social detachment or emotional numbness.</p><h2 id="limitations-of-conventional-medicine">Limitations of Conventional Medicine</h2><p class="null">Conventional medicine&apos;s approach to treating PTSD has been marked by its limited efficacy and significant challenges, leaving an opportunity to explore alternative treatments for PTSD. Mainstream medications, such as paroxetine and sertraline, have shown only modest success in alleviating PTSD symptoms. Even more disheartening is the fact that these drugs yield full remission in less than 30% of patients, leaving the majority still grappling with their distressing symptoms. Moreover, side effects associated with these medications often lead to low patient compliance, further diminishing their overall effectiveness. This reality underscores the urgent need for alternative treatment approaches and highlights the complexity of addressing the profound and far-reaching impacts of PTSD.</p><p class="null">While evidence-based therapies like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Prolonged Exposure (PE), and Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have shown promise, a substantial portion of individuals with PTSD tend to avoid psychological treatments altogether. High dropout rates further underscore the limitations of these therapeutic methods. This raises critical questions about the accessibility and acceptability of conventional treatments, reinforcing the need for a more comprehensive and patient-centred approach to addressing the complexities of PTSD. Here is where the effects of cannabis on PTSD symptoms become intriguing.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="the-effect-of-cannabis-on-ptsd">The Effect of Cannabis on PTSD</h2><p class="null">Due to the shortcomings of current treatment modules, there has been increased interest in cannabis medicine as a potential therapy for PTSD. One of its notable benefits lies in its ability to assist in the extinction of traumatic memories, offering hope for individuals plagued by relentless flashbacks and intrusive recollections. Beyond that, cannabinoids have demonstrated anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Cannabis shows potential for improved sleep as well. The potential of cannabis in PTSD therapy makes cannabinoids a valuable addition to the toolkit of treatments for individuals seeking respite from the debilitating grip of PTSD.</p><p class="null">Research has indicated that cannabinoids – unique cannabis compounds – can effectively reduce responses to conditioned fear cues, impair the retrieval of emotionally aversive memories, and facilitate the extinction of fear-based memories. All this happens due to the relationship between the endocannabinoid system and PTSD. Additionally, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which leads to increased levels of anandamide, can enhance fear extinction and mitigate autonomic stress reactivity. These findings shed light on the potential of cannabinoids to address the core mechanisms underpinning PTSD.</p><p class="null">The use of cannabis as a medicinal tool for managing symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder has yielded a mix of short and long-term effects, as observed in a study of 404 medical cannabis users. In the short term, inhaled cannabis proved to be a powerful ally, reducing PTSD symptoms by more than 50%, with higher doses correlating with substantial decreases in anxiety and intrusive thoughts. However, a noteworthy aspect is the observed development of tolerance over time, as patients required increased doses to manage anxiety effectively. Intriguingly, the effects of cannabis on PTSD symptoms neither significantly improved nor exacerbated in the long run, suggesting that its long-term efficacy remains inconclusive. It is crucial to acknowledge that in our current understanding cannabis can provide immediate relief from PTSD symptoms, but appears to offer only temporary relief.</p><p class="null"></p><p class="null">A recent systematic review examining the use of medicinal cannabis for PTSD and synthetic cannabinoids in the context of PTSD has also unveiled promising results. By acting on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), both cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids have demonstrated a potential therapeutic role in reducing PTSD symptoms. The review suggests that these compounds effectively reduce anxiety, modulate memory-related processes and improve sleep, providing a multi-faceted approach to addressing the complex symptoms of PTSD.</p><p class="null">The potential benefits of cannabis for individuals suffering from PTSD are multi-faceted and intriguing. Emerging research suggests that phytocannabinoid medicine, by influencing various brain regions and the endocannabinoid system, may offer relief from the symptoms of PTSD, including anxiety, memory disturbances, and sleep disruptions. Its potential to modulate the amygdala and prefrontal cortex presents a compelling case for further exploration and highlights its potential as an adjunct therapy in the complex journey of managing PTSD.</p><p class="null"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://shop.savikalpa.com/collections/shunyata">Buy&nbsp;Cannabis Medicines Here</a></p>

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized by the haunting grip of vivid flashbacks, intrusive thoughts or images, nightmares, and overwhelming distress caused by reminders of trauma. It can be an agonizing battle for those who experience it, sometimes leading to manifestations of physical sensations like pain, sweating, nausea or trembling. In recent years, an increasing body of research has begun to shed light on the therapeutic possibilities of cannabis for managing these harrowing symptoms. Let's examine how this healing plant may offer a glimmer of hope, whether as CBD oil for PTSD or medicinal cannabis for PTSD, for those seeking respite from the tormenting effects of PTSD.

The pathogenesis of PTSD is a multifaceted journey shaped by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental and psychological factors. Genetic predisposition can make some individuals more susceptible to developing PTSD in the face of adversity, emphasising the importance of identifying the right treatments for PTSD. Cumulative life adversities, such as early childhood trauma or repeated exposure to stressful events can sensitize an individual to the impact of traumatic incidents. The intense peri-traumatic emotional response during a traumatic event can engrave the experience deeply in an individual's memory, setting the stage for long-term distress. A lack of social support and additional life stressors can exacerbate the likelihood of developing PTSD, creating a fertile ground for its onset. 

This intricate web of factors, in turn, could lead to neurochemical imbalances characterized by emotional hyper-arousal and anxiety, stressing the importance of evidence-based therapies for PTSD. These neurochemical disorders can also manifest as increased reactivity in the amygdala, the suppression of the hippocampus, and disruptions to the prefrontal cortex, contributing to hallmark symptoms and emotional turmoil that define PTSD, like attentional bias towards threats, memory fragmentation, flashbacks, severe anxiety and thought suppression. Understanding this pathogenesis is crucial for tailoring effective treatments and interventions to support individuals on their journey to recovery.

Let’s look a little into the neurocircuitry of PTSD. PTSD usually affects the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus in the brain. The medial prefrontal cortex regulates emotions and the function of the amygdala. The amygdala is the processing centre of emotions. When a PTSD patient experiences traumatic stimuli, the medial prefrontal cortex often fails to inhibit amygdala activation, resulting in fear. In other instances, overactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex due to traumatic stimuli can lead to amygdala suppression, resulting in social detachment or emotional numbness.

Conventional medicine's approach to treating PTSD has been marked by its limited efficacy and significant challenges, leaving an opportunity to explore alternative treatments for PTSD. Mainstream medications, such as paroxetine and sertraline, have shown only modest success in alleviating PTSD symptoms. Even more disheartening is the fact that these drugs yield full remission in less than 30% of patients, leaving the majority still grappling with their distressing symptoms. Moreover, side effects associated with these medications often lead to low patient compliance, further diminishing their overall effectiveness. This reality underscores the urgent need for alternative treatment approaches and highlights the complexity of addressing the profound and far-reaching impacts of PTSD.

While evidence-based therapies like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Prolonged Exposure (PE), and Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have shown promise, a substantial portion of individuals with PTSD tend to avoid psychological treatments altogether. High dropout rates further underscore the limitations of these therapeutic methods. This raises critical questions about the accessibility and acceptability of conventional treatments, reinforcing the need for a more comprehensive and patient-centred approach to addressing the complexities of PTSD. Here is where the effects of cannabis on PTSD symptoms become intriguing. 

Due to the shortcomings of current treatment modules, there has been increased interest in cannabis medicine as a potential therapy for PTSD. One of its notable benefits lies in its ability to assist in the extinction of traumatic memories, offering hope for individuals plagued by relentless flashbacks and intrusive recollections. Beyond that, cannabinoids have demonstrated anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Cannabis shows potential for improved sleep as well. The potential of cannabis in PTSD therapy makes cannabinoids a valuable addition to the toolkit of treatments for individuals seeking respite from the debilitating grip of PTSD.

Research has indicated that cannabinoids – unique cannabis compounds – can effectively reduce responses to conditioned fear cues, impair the retrieval of emotionally aversive memories, and facilitate the extinction of fear-based memories. All this happens due to the relationship between the endocannabinoid system and PTSD. Additionally, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which leads to increased levels of anandamide, can enhance fear extinction and mitigate autonomic stress reactivity. These findings shed light on the potential of cannabinoids to address the core mechanisms underpinning PTSD.

The use of cannabis as a medicinal tool for managing symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder has yielded a mix of short and long-term effects, as observed in a study of 404 medical cannabis users. In the short term, inhaled cannabis proved to be a powerful ally, reducing PTSD symptoms by more than 50%, with higher doses correlating with substantial decreases in anxiety and intrusive thoughts. However, a noteworthy aspect is the observed development of tolerance over time, as patients required increased doses to manage anxiety effectively. Intriguingly, the effects of cannabis on PTSD symptoms neither significantly improved nor exacerbated in the long run, suggesting that its long-term efficacy remains inconclusive. It is crucial to acknowledge that in our current understanding cannabis can provide immediate relief from PTSD symptoms, but appears to offer only temporary relief.

A recent systematic review examining the use of medicinal cannabis for PTSD and synthetic cannabinoids in the context of PTSD has also unveiled promising results. By acting on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), both cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids have demonstrated a potential therapeutic role in reducing PTSD symptoms. The review suggests that these compounds effectively reduce anxiety, modulate memory-related processes and improve sleep, providing a multi-faceted approach to addressing the complex symptoms of PTSD.

The potential benefits of cannabis for individuals suffering from PTSD are multi-faceted and intriguing. Emerging research suggests that phytocannabinoid medicine, by influencing various brain regions and the endocannabinoid system, may offer relief from the symptoms of PTSD, including anxiety, memory disturbances, and sleep disruptions. Its potential to modulate the amygdala and prefrontal cortex presents a compelling case for further exploration and highlights its potential as an adjunct therapy in the complex journey of managing PTSD.

Cannabis Medicine as an Alternative PTSD Treatment

Woman in distress

<h2 id="cannabis-and-stress-or-anxiety">Cannabis and Stress or Anxiety</h2><p class="null">Cannabis medicine today is being used by persons around the world to manage stress and anxiety. But the question is, does it really work? There is enough global research today, especially <em>in vitro, </em>buttressed by scores of observational studies, that have established that the two principal cannabinoids – unique compounds found in the cannabis plant – namely tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), reduce stress and&nbsp;anxiety&nbsp;via the mediation of the&nbsp;endocannabinoid system&nbsp;(ECS).</p><p class="null">Anxiety is part of the human body’s natural ‘fight or flight’ response to a perceived threat. While this response can be beneficial in moments of genuine danger, data suggests that a significant portion of the population experience excessive fear/worry disproportionate to the realities of a given situation, such as public speaking. Patients who experience this heightened fear/worry that persists after the perceived threat has passed, may be suffering from chronic stress/anxiety disorder. These feelings of unease can impact a patient’s ability to cope with daily life. When left untreated, they can negatively impact work and/or social activities, significantly reducing one’s quality of life.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="cannabinoid-medication-an-introduction">Cannabinoid Medication: An Introduction</h2><p class="null">Utilizing cannabis for its medicinal properties is hardly a new concept. Historical evidence shows that for thousands of years cannabis has been cultivated and utilized worldwide by various cultures for its therapeutic applications. In India, there is a rich tradition of cannabis use in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda. Classical texts record more than 190 distinct cannabis formulations for application across a host of indications.</p><p class="null">Today, ongoing research and product development suggests that we have barely scratched the surface of cannabis medicine’s treatment potential and applications. Thus far over 600 chemical compounds have been discovered in the cannabis plant, including over 160 phytocannabinoids and over 200 terpenes. This growing body of research has informed us not only of the various therapeutic potentials of these chemicals individually, but also of their synergistic effects when working together to create what is referred to as the ‘entourage effect.’ The therapeutic benefits of “whole-plant” medicine are espoused in Ayurveda as well.</p><h2 id="the-endocannabinoid-system">The Endocannabinoid System</h2><p class="null">The human endocannabinoid system consists of an extensive network of cannabinoid receptors (most notably the CB1 and CB2 receptors) found in the brain and throughout the body’s central nervous system, immune system, endocrine system and much more. Additionally, the body also produces its own endocannabinoids (over 120 known endocannabinoids), of which Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are best known, and which are structurally similar to THC and CBD.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">The endocannabinoid system is responsible for regulating many of the body’s natural functions including, Appetite, Inflammation, Mood, Pain, Sleep, Stress and Weight. While currently ongoing, there is still much research to be done to fully understand the endocannabinoid system and its role in maintaining homeostasis within the human body.</p><p class="null">An analysis of the ECS and stress response published in the&nbsp;Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology1 stated that “The stress response is a biological cascade of events that occurs in response to a real or perceived threat to homeostasis.” Stress and anxiety induce a reaction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which regulate the body’s response to managing stress and anxiety. Reductions in both 2-AG and AEA which are understood to regulate dopamine especially AEA, leads to a decrease in pleasure signalling, thus elevating stress.</p><h2 id="treatment-with-cannabis-medicine">Treatment with Cannabis Medicine</h2><p class="null">Patients continuously report using cannabis medicine to manage stress2. This points to the therapeutic value of cannabis medicine, even as clinical data continues to grow on the therapeutic application of cannabinoids. An article in the&nbsp;Journal of Affective Disorders3&nbsp;showed that 58% of users reported a reduction in stress and anxiety following cannabis medicine administration. Cannabinoid formulations, especially products high in CBD with lower concentrations of THC, have been shown to aid in the management of symptoms of stress and anxiety. There is a high concentration of cannabinoid receptors found in areas of the brain responsible for emotion and impulse control (the amygdala, the hippocampus, and the anterior cingulate). CBD stimulates these cannabinoid receptors, activating the parasympathetic nervous system, thus helping to slow/reduce the body’s ‘flight or fight’ response.</p><h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2><p class="null">While there is room for some healthy debate as to which is the best natural treatment option for stress and/or anxiety, a strong argument can be made for the use of cannabinoid medicines. Feelings of stress or anxiety can impact one’s overall quality of life, and when left untreated, these feelings can negatively impact work, relationships, and social activities. Additional research is certainly needed to fully understand the therapeutic potentials and possible side effects of cannabis medicine as a treatment for stress and anxiety. While cannabis medicine has a well-established safety profile with mild side effects, it is always important to seek medical counsel before undertaking any therapy.</p><h2 id="references">References</h2><ol class="list-decimal mx-5"><li><p class="" style="font-size: 16px"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26068727/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26068727/</a></p></li><li><p class="" style="font-size: 16px"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29257781/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29257781/</a></p></li><li><p class="" style="font-size: 16px"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29656267/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29656267/</a></p></li></ol><h2 id="further-research-reading">Further Research Reading</h2><p class="null">- Neurobiological Interactions Between Stress and the Endocannabinoid System: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26068727/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26068727/</a>&nbsp;</p><p class="null">- The Endocannabinoid system in guarding against fear, anxiety and stress: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5871913/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5871913/</a>&nbsp;</p><p class="null">- Endocannabinoid system and stress and anxiety responses: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091305705001346">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091305705001346</a>&nbsp;</p><p class="null">- Cannabidiol in Anxiety and Sleep: A Large Case Series <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6326553/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6326553/</a>&nbsp;</p><p class="null">- Dose-related effects of delta-9-THC on emotional responses to acute psychosocial stress <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037687161730220X">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037687161730220X</a>&nbsp;</p><p class="null">- Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881110379283">https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881110379283</a>&nbsp;</p><p class="null">- Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2338251">https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2338251</a>&nbsp;</p><p class="null">&nbsp;</p><p class="null"><em>Originally published in the </em><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.ithrivein.com/magazine"><em>Mental Health Issue of iThive magazine</em></a></p>

Cannabis medicine today is being used by persons around the world to manage stress and anxiety. But the question is, does it really work? There is enough global research today, especially 

buttressed by scores of observational studies, that have established that the two principal cannabinoids – unique compounds found in the cannabis plant – namely tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), reduce stress and anxiety via the mediation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS).

Anxiety is part of the human body’s natural ‘fight or flight’ response to a perceived threat. While this response can be beneficial in moments of genuine danger, data suggests that a significant portion of the population experience excessive fear/worry disproportionate to the realities of a given situation, such as public speaking. Patients who experience this heightened fear/worry that persists after the perceived threat has passed, may be suffering from chronic stress/anxiety disorder. These feelings of unease can impact a patient’s ability to cope with daily life. When left untreated, they can negatively impact work and/or social activities, significantly reducing one’s quality of life. 

Utilizing cannabis for its medicinal properties is hardly a new concept. Historical evidence shows that for thousands of years cannabis has been cultivated and utilized worldwide by various cultures for its therapeutic applications. In India, there is a rich tradition of cannabis use in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda. Classical texts record more than 190 distinct cannabis formulations for application across a host of indications.

Today, ongoing research and product development suggests that we have barely scratched the surface of cannabis medicine’s treatment potential and applications. Thus far over 600 chemical compounds have been discovered in the cannabis plant, including over 160 phytocannabinoids and over 200 terpenes. This growing body of research has informed us not only of the various therapeutic potentials of these chemicals individually, but also of their synergistic effects when working together to create what is referred to as the ‘entourage effect.’ The therapeutic benefits of “whole-plant” medicine are espoused in Ayurveda as well.

The human endocannabinoid system consists of an extensive network of cannabinoid receptors (most notably the CB1 and CB2 receptors) found in the brain and throughout the body’s central nervous system, immune system, endocrine system and much more. Additionally, the body also produces its own endocannabinoids (over 120 known endocannabinoids), of which Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are best known, and which are structurally similar to THC and CBD. 

The endocannabinoid system is responsible for regulating many of the body’s natural functions including, Appetite, Inflammation, Mood, Pain, Sleep, Stress and Weight. While currently ongoing, there is still much research to be done to fully understand the endocannabinoid system and its role in maintaining homeostasis within the human body.

An analysis of the ECS and stress response published in the Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology1 stated that “The stress response is a biological cascade of events that occurs in response to a real or perceived threat to homeostasis.” Stress and anxiety induce a reaction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which regulate the body’s response to managing stress and anxiety. Reductions in both 2-AG and AEA which are understood to regulate dopamine especially AEA, leads to a decrease in pleasure signalling, thus elevating stress.

Patients continuously report using cannabis medicine to manage stress2. This points to the therapeutic value of cannabis medicine, even as clinical data continues to grow on the therapeutic application of cannabinoids. An article in the Journal of Affective Disorders3 showed that 58% of users reported a reduction in stress and anxiety following cannabis medicine administration. Cannabinoid formulations, especially products high in CBD with lower concentrations of THC, have been shown to aid in the management of symptoms of stress and anxiety. There is a high concentration of cannabinoid receptors found in areas of the brain responsible for emotion and impulse control (the amygdala, the hippocampus, and the anterior cingulate). CBD stimulates these cannabinoid receptors, activating the parasympathetic nervous system, thus helping to slow/reduce the body’s ‘flight or fight’ response.

While there is room for some healthy debate as to which is the best natural treatment option for stress and/or anxiety, a strong argument can be made for the use of cannabinoid medicines. Feelings of stress or anxiety can impact one’s overall quality of life, and when left untreated, these feelings can negatively impact work, relationships, and social activities. Additional research is certainly needed to fully understand the therapeutic potentials and possible side effects of cannabis medicine as a treatment for stress and anxiety. While cannabis medicine has a well-established safety profile with mild side effects, it is always important to seek medical counsel before undertaking any therapy.

- Neurobiological Interactions Between Stress and the Endocannabinoid System: 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26068727/

- The Endocannabinoid system in guarding against fear, anxiety and stress: 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5871913/

- Endocannabinoid system and stress and anxiety responses: 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091305705001346

- Cannabidiol in Anxiety and Sleep: A Large Case Series 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6326553/

- Dose-related effects of delta-9-THC on emotional responses to acute psychosocial stress 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037687161730220X

- Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report 

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881110379283

- Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: 

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2338251

Cannabis for Natural Stress and Anxiety Relief

Two cannabis plant

<h2 id="what-is-cannabis">What is cannabis?</h2><p class="null">A plant species found to grow naturally in various regions across the globe, endemic to South Asia. Mature cannabis plants contain unique compounds called ‘cannabinoids’ that are utilised for their therapeutic and medicinal value.</p><p class="null">A great many cultures from different regions across the globe have a long history of utilising cannabis as a natural remedy for anxiety, pain, insomnia, and the treatment of various other ailments. However, despite this storied and shared cultural heritage, an overall lack of scientific understanding coupled with a perceived potential for societal harm has resulted in decades of strict prohibitions worldwide.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Fortunately, the accumulation of a slow but steady trickle of evidence-based research has begun to rapidly change perceptions regarding cannabis medicine, and the wide range of therapeutic applications of cannabinoids.</p><h2 id="common-symptoms-and-conditions-for-cannabis-medicine-therapy">Common symptoms &amp; conditions for Cannabis medicine therapy</h2><p class="null">COMMON SYMPTOMS &amp; CONDITIONS FOR CANNABIS MEDICINE THERAPY</p><p class="null">Acute Pain</p><p class="null">Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis</p><p class="null">Anxiety</p><p class="null">Arthritis</p><p class="null">ADHD</p><p class="null">Autism Spectrum Disorder</p><p class="null">Autoimmune Disorder</p><p class="null">Bipolar Disorder</p><p class="null">Cachexia / Poor Appetite</p><p class="null">Cancer Related Pain</p><p class="null">Chronic Fatigue</p><p class="null">Chronic Pain&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Crohn&apos;s Disease</p><p class="null">Depression</p><p class="null">Endometriosis&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Epilepsy</p><p class="null">Fibromyalgia</p><p class="null">Headache / Migraine</p><p class="null">Inflammatory Bowel Disease</p><p class="null">Irritable Bowel Syndrome</p><p class="null">Inflammation</p><p class="null">Insomnia / Sleep Disorders</p><p class="null">Menstrual Pain / Cramping</p><p class="null">Mood Disorders&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Multiple Sclerosis</p><p class="null">Muscle Spasticity</p><p class="null">Nausea and Vomiting</p><p class="null">Neuropathic Pain / Nerve Damage</p><p class="null">Palliative Care</p><p class="null">Parkinson’s Disease</p><p class="null">Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</p><p class="null">Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Seizure Disorders</p><p class="null">Spinal Injuries</p><p class="null">Stress</p><h2></h2><h2 id="countries-studying-cannabis-therapies">Countries Studying Cannabis Therapies</h2><p class="null">This research has helped to fuel recent regulatory and social changes across the globe, leading to a resurgence in the use of cannabis as medicine, and redefining our understanding of its therapeutic potentials.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Countries such as India, Canada, the USA, Uruguay, Australia, Germany, the UK and many more have enabled pathways for patients and health care providers to access cannabis medicine-based therapies. This has rapidly accelerated advancements in research into the many applications of cannabis medicine, and has subsequently led to the creation of an entirely new generation of products and consumption methods. All of which have been designed to maximize efficacy while minimizing any potential harm/side-effects.</p><h2 id="commonly-available-products-in-the-global-cannabis-market">Commonly available products in the global Cannabis Market</h2><p class="null">COMMONLY AVAILABLE PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBAL CANNABIS MARKET</p><p class="null">Full Spectrum Extracts</p><p class="null">THC Distillate</p><p class="null">CBD Isolate</p><p class="null">Synthetic Cannabinoids</p><p class="null">Infused Edible Oils&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Gel Capsules</p><p class="null">Tinctures</p><p class="null">Sublingual Sprays / Patches</p><p class="null">Topical Creams</p><p class="null">Transdermal Patches</p><p class="null">Dry Whole Flower</p><p class="null">Vaporizer Cartridges</p><h2 id="cannabis-in-india">Cannabis in India</h2><p class="null">For patients in India, cannabis is recognised as a potent plant ingredient in Ayurveda, and cannabis medicine has earned ratification from India’s Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa and Homoeopathy (AYUSH). As with other medications, patients can speak with their doctor about the appropriateness of cannabis medicine therapy for their needs. One can also seek out the advice of a medical practitioner who specialises in the use of cannabis medicine. If deemed appropriate, patients will be provided with a prescription to be fulfilled by a manufacturer of approved cannabis medicine products.&nbsp;</p><p class="null">Cannabis medicine products currently available in India are to be made from the leaves of the cannabis plant. Once harvested, the leaves undergo an extraction process resulting in a highly concentrated mixture of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds found in the cannabis plant. This concentrated extract is then used by manufactures of cannabis medicines to create infused edible oils, topical creams/lotions and other form factors.</p><h2 id="commonly-available-products-in-india">Commonly available products in India</h2><p class="null">COMMONLY AVAILABLE PRODUCTS IN INDIA</p><p class="null">Full Spectrum Edible Oils</p><p class="null">Medicated Roll-ons</p><p class="null">Capsules / Tablets</p><p class="null">Topical Creams</p><p class="null">Topical Oils</p><p class="null">As the body of research on cannabis medicine grows, so shall the medical form factors, including development of targeted formulations for treating specific ailments. India is poised to become a leader in the cannabis medicine and phytopharmaceutical revolution.</p><p class="null">Check out our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://shop.savikalpa.com/collections/shunyata">extensive range of plant based medicine</a> here.&nbsp;</p><p class="null"><em>Originally published in the</em><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://iafm.in/"><em><u> Indian Association of Functional Medicine</u></em></a><em><u> </u>Newsletter</em></p>

A plant species found to grow naturally in various regions across the globe, endemic to South Asia. Mature cannabis plants contain unique compounds called ‘cannabinoids’ that are utilised for their therapeutic and medicinal value.

A great many cultures from different regions across the globe have a long history of utilising cannabis as a natural remedy for anxiety, pain, insomnia, and the treatment of various other ailments. However, despite this storied and shared cultural heritage, an overall lack of scientific understanding coupled with a perceived potential for societal harm has resulted in decades of strict prohibitions worldwide.  

Fortunately, the accumulation of a slow but steady trickle of evidence-based research has begun to rapidly change perceptions regarding cannabis medicine, and the wide range of therapeutic applications of cannabinoids.

Common symptoms & conditions for Cannabis medicine therapy

COMMON SYMPTOMS & CONDITIONS FOR CANNABIS MEDICINE THERAPY

This research has helped to fuel recent regulatory and social changes across the globe, leading to a resurgence in the use of cannabis as medicine, and redefining our understanding of its therapeutic potentials. 

Countries such as India, Canada, the USA, Uruguay, Australia, Germany, the UK and many more have enabled pathways for patients and health care providers to access cannabis medicine-based therapies. This has rapidly accelerated advancements in research into the many applications of cannabis medicine, and has subsequently led to the creation of an entirely new generation of products and consumption methods. All of which have been designed to maximize efficacy while minimizing any potential harm/side-effects.

Commonly available products in the global Cannabis Market

COMMONLY AVAILABLE PRODUCTS IN THE GLOBAL CANNABIS MARKET

For patients in India, cannabis is recognised as a potent plant ingredient in Ayurveda, and cannabis medicine has earned ratification from India’s Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa and Homoeopathy (AYUSH). As with other medications, patients can speak with their doctor about the appropriateness of cannabis medicine therapy for their needs. One can also seek out the advice of a medical practitioner who specialises in the use of cannabis medicine. If deemed appropriate, patients will be provided with a prescription to be fulfilled by a manufacturer of approved cannabis medicine products. 

Cannabis medicine products currently available in India are to be made from the leaves of the cannabis plant. Once harvested, the leaves undergo an extraction process resulting in a highly concentrated mixture of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds found in the cannabis plant. This concentrated extract is then used by manufactures of cannabis medicines to create infused edible oils, topical creams/lotions and other form factors.

As the body of research on cannabis medicine grows, so shall the medical form factors, including development of targeted formulations for treating specific ailments. India is poised to become a leader in the cannabis medicine and phytopharmaceutical revolution.

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